Rahim Golmohammadi; Akbar Pejhan; Arash Akaberi; Ladan Najjar; Hamideh Yazdimoghaddam
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 903-912
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Evaluation of puberty stages is important to assess adolescent health. This study has been done with the aim of determination of the average age of onset of puberty and its relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) in male students of Sabzevar city in the North East of Iran in 1390.
Methods ...
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Background and Purpose: Evaluation of puberty stages is important to assess adolescent health. This study has been done with the aim of determination of the average age of onset of puberty and its relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) in male students of Sabzevar city in the North East of Iran in 1390.
Methods and Materials: This cross - sectional study was conducted on 252 male students of secondary schools and high schools of Sabzevar, Iran, with the age of 11-18 years who were selected by probability and multistage sampling. Data were collected through a Tanner standardized questionnaire; afterwards, measuring of height and weight and BMI calculation were performed. Data were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA and Bonfronie post hoc test, analysis of covariance, Spearman correlation coefficient and Kappa agreement coefficient; significance level was considered as 0.05.
Results: To conduct this study, we selected a group of researchers who were trained for the initiation of project for assessing puberty in male schools in order to increase the accuracy of determining the Tanner stages. Students were examined for their height and weight, size of penis and testicles, and the manner of pubic and axillary hair growth as well as also voice changes. Mean final growth stage of testicles and scrotum (G5 stage), pubic hair (P5 stage), were measured to be 16.40 ± 1.65 and 16.79 ± 1.19 years respectively, and their mean BMI at P2 and G2 were 20.96±4.1 and 19.49±3.66 kg /m2 respectively.
Conclusion: Regarding to the declining age of puberty and its relationship with BMI, health systems should focus on training programs and encouraging teenagers to begin changing their lifestyle. Age of puberty onset in male students is similar to many other countries but determining the precise status of puberty in Iranian children requires further studies in different provinces, rural and urban areas as well as longitudinal studies.
Somayyeh Zamiri Nejad; Maryam Piltan; Maryam Hagh shenas; Yaser Tabaraee; Arash Akaberi
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 773-781
Abstract
Introduction: People can direct their lives and activities into deeper, richer and more meaningful way using spiritual intelligence. Utilization of spiritual patterns in everyday life leads to an enhanced compatibility and evolution of well-being. The purpose of this study is to determine if spiritual ...
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Introduction: People can direct their lives and activities into deeper, richer and more meaningful way using spiritual intelligence. Utilization of spiritual patterns in everyday life leads to an enhanced compatibility and evolution of well-being. The purpose of this study is to determine if spiritual intelligence can predict happiness.
Methodology: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among students of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences in the year 1391. 129 individuals were selected via Stratified sampling method. Individuals were assessed by spiritual intelligence questionnaire and Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) whereas statistical data was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, t-student test and linear multiple regression (stepwise), by SPSS 20 software. The p-value was considered 0.05.
Results: Correlation coefficient between spiritual intelligence and happiness was r=0.505 (p-value
Arash Akaberi; Reza Hekmatshoar; Majid Fallahi; Seyyed Mehdi Razavi
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, , Pages 395-399
Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are highly one of the most important occupational health issues in the world, now days. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study among 333 mothers' home working carried out. We used modified Nordic questionnaire and information gathered by trained persons. ...
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Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are highly one of the most important occupational health issues in the world, now days. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study among 333 mothers' home working carried out. We used modified Nordic questionnaire and information gathered by trained persons. Results: The commonest musculoskeletal disorders were from the low back (49.5%), Resulted showed that between low back , knuckle pain and BMI (P=0.008), between pain and use of stair (p=0.004) were significant relationship. Conclusion: between musculoskeletal disorders and use of devices in the homes were significant relationship.
Akbar Pejhan; Seyyed Javad Mirnajafizadeh; Mohammad Mohammadzadeh; Arash Akaberi
Volume 18, Issue 4 , January and February 2012, , Pages 235-243
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Ethanol is known as anticonvulsant and proconvulsant but sometimes has no effect on seizure. There is no report about the role of ethanol on the anticonvulsant effect of Valproic acid (VPA). In this study، we explore the effect of ethanol on the anticonvulsant effect of VPA.
Methods ...
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Background and Purpose: Ethanol is known as anticonvulsant and proconvulsant but sometimes has no effect on seizure. There is no report about the role of ethanol on the anticonvulsant effect of Valproic acid (VPA). In this study، we explore the effect of ethanol on the anticonvulsant effect of VPA.
Methods and Materials: In this experimental study، eight groups of mice (25-30 gr) were injected pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (37 mg/kg; ip) every other day (3 times a week). Groups receiving ethanol (0.5 and 1 g/kg; 7 and 21 continuous days; everyday; ip)، PTZ was injected 30 minutes after ethanol. In Valproic acid+ethanol، Valproic acid (100 mg/kg) was injected 5 minutes before ethanol (1 g/kg). Immediately after PTZ injection، seizure stages were recorded for 20 min. Seizure stage-4 duration (S4D)، seizure stage-4 latency (S4L) and seizure stage 1 latency (S1L) were recorded from each mouse after PTZ injection، and data were compared with control groups. The basis of all decisions was a significant level of P
Arash Akaberi; SeyedAhmad SeyyedAlinaghi; Rabieeollah Rahmani; Saeed Rahmani; Mohmoud Mahmoudi Farahani; SeyedMostafa Hosseini
Volume 18, Issue 4 , January and February 2012, , Pages 296-301
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Identifying the risk factors of Hepatitis C، B، and HIV is necessary to prevent their increasing prevalence. Therefore، we sought to identify the frequency of their risk factors among the homeless of Tehran، Iran during 2005 to 2007.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive ...
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Background and Purpose: Identifying the risk factors of Hepatitis C، B، and HIV is necessary to prevent their increasing prevalence. Therefore، we sought to identify the frequency of their risk factors among the homeless of Tehran، Iran during 2005 to 2007.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive analytical study was conducted during 2005 to 2007 on the homeless population of Tehran، Iran. Two groups of patients were enrolled in this study: 103 HIV-positive and 75 hepatitis patients were examined (total 178)، and relevant risk factors were investigated. The relevant details of the participants were obtained and recorded by a questionnaire، HIV and Hepatitis diagnosis using Eliza technique. Data were analyzed using Chi square and factor analysis in SPSS 13.
Results: 60.8% of the HIV positive cases and 43.88% of the hepatitis cases had no relations with their friends; the difference was statistically significant (p=0.027). Also، 94.2% of the AIDS cases and 85.1% of the hepatitis cases were deprived of their family support، and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.o44). the prevalence of addiction to crack and heroin was 28% and 44.7% in hepatitis and AIDS sufferers respectively، where the difference was statistically significant (p=0.023). The results of factor analysis revealed five major factors: familial factors (relation with family، relation with friends، lifestyle)، type of addiction (opium، crack، heroin)، social factors (sex، incarceration history، family support)، personal factors (age، marital status، living parents)، cultural factors (education، psychological problems). The five factors related to HIV comprised 68.42% of the total variance، and those of hepatitis 56.69% of the total variance.
Conclusion: The risk factors among the two groups are having no relations with friends، lack of family support and addiction to crack or heroin.
Kazem Maskani; Arash Akaberi; Fatemeh Shahabipoor; Mohammad Ali Yaghoobifar
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, , Pages 224-232
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Undue admission and staying in hospitals are considered as a weakness of health and treatment systems as well as criteria of performance evaluation، used for determining the efficacy of hospital beds even in developed countries. In addition to increasing the costs، undue staying ...
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Background and Purpose: Undue admission and staying in hospitals are considered as a weakness of health and treatment systems as well as criteria of performance evaluation، used for determining the efficacy of hospital beds even in developed countries. In addition to increasing the costs، undue staying exposes the patient into nasocomial infections. Therefore، the present study was designed to investigate the rate of undue admission and staying of patients in hospitals of Sabzevar، Iran in 2009 based on the criteria of appropriateness evaluation protocol. Methods and Materials: This descriptive analytical research involving the population of patients admitted to hospitals in Sabzevar، Iran. The sample included 385 patients who were sampled through multi-stage stratified sampling. Each of the three hospitals was selected for a 12-week period، three days per week، two patients form two wards; finally 428 patients were evaluated. Data were collected through tables of admission criteria and appropriate admission of the patients as well as the hospital records. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square and Fisher''s exact test. Results: Mean staying in hospitals was 3.23 days but 11.4% of the admissions were inappropriate; orthopedic ward (29.1%) had the highest and gynecological ward (zero) the lowest rate. Undue admission of men (13.9%) was higher than that of women (9.7%); the highest rate of undue admissions was associated with the age range of 41-60. Appropriate admission due to surgery or other invasive procedures (48.8%) had the highest frequency. In the three hospitals evaluated، 0.2% of the admissions were undue، and 99.8% appropriate. Conclusion: The rate of undue admissions is higher than appropriate ones، and the rate undue admissions in the orthopedic ward were the highest and in the gynecological ward the lowest.
Leyla Amini; Arash Akaberi; Homa Sadeghi; Narjes Bahri
Volume 18, Issue 2 , July and August 2011, , Pages 118-124
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Induction is one of the most common interventions in midwifery which is conducted for many clinical purposes. One of the main challenges of the induction is the prediction of its success because its failure has a major role in increasing the rate of cesarean section. Therefore، ...
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Background and Purpose: Induction is one of the most common interventions in midwifery which is conducted for many clinical purposes. One of the main challenges of the induction is the prediction of its success because its failure has a major role in increasing the rate of cesarean section. Therefore، the present study was conducted to investigate the role of maternal age، parity، gestational age، birth weight and cervical status in predicting the success of induction.
Methods and Materials: This cohort study involved the population of pregnant women admitted to Mobini Maternity Hospital in Sabzevar، Iran in 2006. A sample of 175 pregnant healthy women was selected by non-probability convenient sampling. For data collection، a checklist and a questionnaire were used for recording the personal details، midwifery history and labor details. For data analysis، they were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square، mantel henzel and logistic regression tests (p
Hasan Ravansalar; Seyyed Mehdi Zargarian; MohammadReza Behrouzikhah; Arash Akaberi
Volume 17, Issue 3 , September and October 2010, , Pages 207-212
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Thyroid autoimmune disease is the most common thyroid disorder in low-iodine intake areas; evaluation of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), anti-Thyoglubolin (TGAb) and anti-microsomal (TMAb) in most patients with hypothyroidism is of significant importance. Therefore, the ...
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Background and Purpose: Thyroid autoimmune disease is the most common thyroid disorder in low-iodine intake areas; evaluation of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), anti-Thyoglubolin (TGAb) and anti-microsomal (TMAb) in most patients with hypothyroidism is of significant importance. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the role of anti-thyroid antibodies in patients with hypothyroidism in Sabzevar, Iran. Methods and Materials: This is a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study where 382 subjects with TSH above normal and T3 and T4 below normal were selected through non-probability convenient sampling. Their TSH, TPOAb, TGAb and TMSb were measured through Eliza method. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square, independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient, where P
Majid Fallahi; Seyyed Mehdi Razavi; Aliasghar Khosroabadi; Arash Akaberi
Volume 17, Issue 3 , September and October 2010, , Pages 218-223
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Musculoskeletal disorders among the most important occupational health issues nowadays. As the ministry of health is responsible for the community health and providing better services requires healthy workforce, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal ...
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Background and Purpose: Musculoskeletal disorders among the most important occupational health issues nowadays. As the ministry of health is responsible for the community health and providing better services requires healthy workforce, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in health-treatment employees at Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2008. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on 364 personnel of health-treatment employees at Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2008, who were selected through convenient sampling. The disorders were investigated through Nordik Questionnaire including those in 9 body parts within the past week, past year, and falling behind work due to disorders. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 13 using independent t-test and correlation coefficient. Results: Mean ± SD and employment period of the participants were 31.81±6.88 and 9.36±7 respectively. The highest prevalence of the past year in all participants was related to their waist (57.8%), knee (44%) and (42.6%). However, in participants working for treatment centers, the figures were 61.6%, 46.9% and 48.6% respectively. In the paramedical employees, disorders of was 29.7% and in health center employees, wrist disorders were 28.4%. Conclusion: The prevalence of disorders in university employees is high and the highest rates are related to waist and knee. Disorders of back, waist, and knee in the treatment center employees, and neck disorders in health center employees were higher.
AliReza Vakili; Maryam Hashemiyan; Arash Akaberi
Volume 17, Issue 2 , July and August 2010, , Pages 67-73
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Some researchers believe that the treatment with glucose–insulin–potassium (GIK) in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) can reduce the mortality rate. Others, however, contradict this view. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the clinical and ...
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Background and Purpose: Some researchers believe that the treatment with glucose–insulin–potassium (GIK) in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) can reduce the mortality rate. Others, however, contradict this view. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the clinical and paraclinical effects of GIK in STEMI patients. Methods: This triple blind clinical trial was conducted from September 2008 to July 2009 on 72 STEMI patients in the CCU of Vasei Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran. They were assigned through block randomization into standard care or additional GIK infusion (25% glucose, 50 IU of soluble insulin per liter, and 80 mmol of potassium chloride per liter at 1.5 ml/kg/hour). They were assessed for the number of MACEs (death, reinfarction and serious arrhythmias), plasma concentrations of cardiac enzymes (CK, CK-MB), and left ventricular ejection fraction. The statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS 11.5 using Fisher’s exact test, t-test and repeated measurement. P
Esmail Tavana; RamezanAli Khamirchi; Arash Akaberi
Volume 17, Issue 2 , July and August 2010, , Pages 135-142
Abstract
Background and Purpose: In order to artificially process, to fasten the process of production and to make up for deficiencies of the natural fermentation, most bakeries opt to use chemicals such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydrosulfate, and additional salt (for reducing gluten sylait and increasing ...
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Background and Purpose: In order to artificially process, to fasten the process of production and to make up for deficiencies of the natural fermentation, most bakeries opt to use chemicals such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydrosulfate, and additional salt (for reducing gluten sylait and increasing the dough resistance). This produces further problems and chronic health outcomes such as malnutrition, disturbance in digestion, hypertension, allergy and so on. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the levels of these chemicals used by bakeries. Methods and Materials: This cross sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted in Sabzevar, Iran during 2006-2007. Out of a total of 168 bakeries, 62 were sampled by a two-stage stratified method. PH and salt of the bread were measured by the standard method. The obtained data were analyzed t-test in SPSS 11.5. Results: Based on the results, mean PH across the four seasons was 5.76±0.39. Manual taftoon bakeries showed a higher PH than the mechanical bakeries. The independent t-test indicated that mean PH across four seasons was not statistically different for the two types of bakeries (p>0.05). Mean salt use in mechanical and manual bakeries was different but the difference was not significant across fall and winter. Conclusion: Mean PH in the bakeries is around the standard level but the salt use is a little higher than the standard level, which may be affected by the oven and flour quality.
Mosareza Tadayyonfar; Naghmeh Razzaghi; Arash Akaberi
Volume 17, Issue 1 , March and April 2010, , Pages 39-47
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Domestic violence against women is considered as one of the general and mental health concerns and covers a variety of injuries incurred on married women. It is the most common form of violence against wives which affects other health priorities including maternal well-being and ...
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Background and Purpose: Domestic violence against women is considered as one of the general and mental health concerns and covers a variety of injuries incurred on married women. It is the most common form of violence against wives which affects other health priorities including maternal well-being and safety, mental health and family planning. The present research was conducted to study the prevalence of domestic violence and related factors. Methods and Materials: In 2007, this descriptive analytical research was conducted on 396 married women (selected through convenient sampling) who were admitted to the Health Clinics in Sabzevar, Iran. They were given the Index of Spouse Violence to fill out, and the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square, Fisher’s test, and Student t-test. Results: The most common forms of violence were mental violence (29.2%), followed by sexual violence (28%), and physical violence (10.8%). It was found that home violence correlated with the couple’s educational level, husband’s addiction, experience of violent behavior in the couple’s childhood, familial relation between the couple, spouse’s physical or nervous disease, place of birth, and the number of children (p
Reza Forozan; Masoomeh Hashemiyan; Roghayeh Javan; Arash Akaberi
Volume 17, Issue 1 , March and April 2010, , Pages 48-53
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Using levonorgestrel tablet is one of EC methods that could be effective until 72 hours after sexual intercourse. Therefore, the present study was intended to investigate the women’s awareness about correct use and side-effects of this tablet. Methods and Materials: In this ...
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Background and Purpose: Using levonorgestrel tablet is one of EC methods that could be effective until 72 hours after sexual intercourse. Therefore, the present study was intended to investigate the women’s awareness about correct use and side-effects of this tablet. Methods and Materials: In this descriptive analytical study, women referring to heath centers of Sabzevar were selected through cluster sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire including specific demographic characteristics and the participants’ awareness about correct using and side effects of levonorgestrel tablet. The reliability of the questionnaire was checked with cronbach alpha (=α0.716), and its validity was controlled by expert. The sample size was 396 persons. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive and analytical statistics (independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient). Results: Among women studied, 29.8% had used the tablet, and the average score of awareness in correct using of tablet on the basis of 100 was 46.1 34.5, while the average score of knowing the tablet's side effects on the basis of 100 was only 22.39 28.92. A negative correlation was found between the correct using score and age (p=0.029, r=-0.11). Conclusion: The findings revealed that the average awareness score of correct using and side-effects of the tablet are low.
Hasan Ravansalar; MohammadJavad Namazi; Hossein Moallaei; Arash Akaberi
Volume 17, Issue 1 , March and April 2010, , Pages 54-62
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is one of the most common infections in women and is caused by various types of candidiasis with different patterns of resistance against drugs. The present study was conducted to determine the various species of candidiasis in women admitted to Mobini ...
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Background and Purpose: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is one of the most common infections in women and is caused by various types of candidiasis with different patterns of resistance against drugs. The present study was conducted to determine the various species of candidiasis in women admitted to Mobini Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran in order to make preventive recommendations for medical doctors. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive analytical research was conducted on 231 women admitted to Mobini Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran, complaining of vaginal secretions. After getting the ethics committee permissions and obtaining the informed consent of the participants, at the same time as measuring vaginal pH, two swaps were used for collecting samples of secretions from lateral and posterior fornix. They were examined for yeasts and were then cultured in saburu dextrose. Grown yeasts were detected based on their macroscopic and microscopic features, tubulation in blood serum and biochemical characteristics using Yeast Plus System. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 11 using chi-square and bi-dimensional tables. Results: Positives results in direct examination results were 7.35%, and in culture the positive results were 26.8%. In detecting processes, candida albicans yeast (38.7%), Candida kefyr (17.7%), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (14,5%); candia tropicalis (9.6%), Candida glabrata (8%), candida cruse (3.2%) were isolated with other non-pathogenic yeasts including Candida rugosa, Candida lipolytica, trycospron bejli, Blastoschizomyces capitatus (6.4%). Conclusion: Non-pathogenic yeasts were isolated from patients with defective immunity systems, and need to be considered in patients with vaginal infections.
Ladan Najjar; Arash Akabery; Tahereh Tofighiyan; Mohammadreza Shegarf Nakhaee
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, , Pages 206-212
Abstract
Background and Purpose: One of the important factors affecting the life quality of every person is the disease, where one of the main interventions in this regard can be the individual counseling which is one of the most appropriate procedures in improving the life quality in chronic diseases such as ...
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Background and Purpose: One of the important factors affecting the life quality of every person is the disease, where one of the main interventions in this regard can be the individual counseling which is one of the most appropriate procedures in improving the life quality in chronic diseases such as myocardial infarction. Therefore, the present study was cnducted to investigate the effect of individual counselling on the quality of life in patients with myocardial infarction. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 56 patients with myocardial infarction at Vase’i Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran, who were selected through convenience sampling; they were divided randomaly into two groups: thew intervention and the control groups, and were homogenized as for their age, gender, level of education and history of myocardial infarction. The intervention group received four one-hour counselling sections every other day in physical, mental and social domains. However, there was no intervention for the control group. The quality of life of the two groups was surveyed and compared by QOL-SF36 questionnaire after a one-month period. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using chi-squre and independent samples t-test. Results: The results showed an ioncrease in the quality of life of the intervention group in the social field (52.67±18.74). Also, %80.8 of the the participants had stated their general health status to be average, and %86.60 experienced less anxiety and/or depression. Chi-square results indicated that despite differences in physical, mental and social domains, the deffierence was significant only in the mental dere not significantly different (p=0.99). Conclusion: The results indicated that individual counseling does not have an effect on the life quality of patients with myocardial infarction
Akram Kooshki; Forogh Mortazavi; Arash Akaberi
Volume 16, Issue 2 , July and August 2009, , Pages 100-107
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Gestational hypertension is one of the factors leading to maternal hospitalization during pregnancy. Studies have so far focused on the role of gestational diet in the occurrence of preeclampsia. The present study is conducted to evaluate the relationship between gestational diet ...
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Background and Purpose: Gestational hypertension is one of the factors leading to maternal hospitalization during pregnancy. Studies have so far focused on the role of gestational diet in the occurrence of preeclampsia. The present study is conducted to evaluate the relationship between gestational diet and gestational hypertension. Methods and Materials: In a case-control study 100 pregnant women suffering from gestational hypertension disorders and 100 women with no history of hypertension during pregnancy and before that but being hospitalized in the same hospital after labor were compared. The sample size was calculated on the basis of the study objectives as well as =α0.05 and β=0.80. Data were collected through interview food frequency questionnaire and a 24-hour diet recall form. In order to analyze the data the consumed food substances were converted into gram scale and then the Food Processor software rendered the data on diet. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square and logistic regression model. Results: The participants’ mean age was 26.7±6 years. Calcium (p= 0.004) magnesium (p=0.037) phosphorus (p= 0.001) and potassium intakes (p= 0.007) were higher in cases than the controls. Having controlled all variables affecting hypertensive disorders the logistic regression revealed that fiber and calcium were significantly dominant in the development of gestational hypertension. Discussion: The results of the study showed that calcium and fiber played a more direct role in the development of gestational hypertension.
Ali Shakerinejad; Mohammad Ali Yaghoubifar; Arash Akaberi
Volume 16, Issue 2 , July and August 2009, , Pages 114-120
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Sausage and salami undergo changes after production and packaging which can endanger the health of people. Therefore controlling these products is important because of their variety and ease of access. The aim of this study is to investigate the quality and safety of sausage and ...
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Background and Purpose: Sausage and salami undergo changes after production and packaging which can endanger the health of people. Therefore controlling these products is important because of their variety and ease of access. The aim of this study is to investigate the quality and safety of sausage and salami. Methods and Materials: This cross sectional deh1ive study involved the two products of sausage and salami as marketed in Sabzevar Iran in 2007. A total of 64 samples of the two products were provided from the market. After assessing items such as production permit and badge of standard their quality and organoleptic indexes such as color odor nitrite and fat were measured. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square and Fischer’s exact test in order to compare the quality of safety of the two products with standardized amounts. Results: All products had production permit and badge of standard and all had production and expiry date except 13% of them. All lacked salmonella and were kept in polymer packs and low temperatures. Their salt (except for one case) and organolpetic status including state color odor and taste were evaluated to be satisfactory. As for the quality laboratory tests showed the amount of fat to be 25% higher than the standard carbohydrate 50% ash 21.9% moisture 29.7% and nitrite 29.7% higher. Also protein was shown to be 15.6% lower than the standard. Conclusion: Despite the satisfactory level of safety quality results of some of the products were different from the acceptable amounts.
Fatemeh Rahnama; Masomeh Hasehmiyan; Roya Akbarzadeh; Arash Akabari
Volume 15, Issue 4 , January and February 2009, , Pages 231-236
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Most congenital anomalies are preventable and their identification and prevention are much more cost-effective than their treatment and rehabilitation. The present study was conducted to determine the incidence of apparent congenital anomalies in neonates born in Mobini Maternity ...
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Background and Purpose: Most congenital anomalies are preventable and their identification and prevention are much more cost-effective than their treatment and rehabilitation. The present study was conducted to determine the incidence of apparent congenital anomalies in neonates born in Mobini Maternity Hospital in Sabzevar Iran. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional deh1ive research was conducted on all neonates born with apparent anomalies from February 2005 to February 2006. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire including the information on parents neonate and the anomaly which was confirmed by a pediatrician. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using chi-square. Results: Out of 7786 live neonates 191 cases (2.4%) had distinct congenital anomalies. Incidence of anomalies was 56.5% in males (108 cases) which was significantly higher than females (p
M MAHMOUDI; H ZERAATI; A AKABERI; F MAJLESI
Volume 15, Issue 1 , March and April 2008, , Pages 40-45
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Epidemiologists have always been sought to discover factors influencing populations so that they can control population growth. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of socioeconomic and demographic factors with fertility.
Methods and Materials: This deh1ive ...
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Background and Purpose: Epidemiologists have always been sought to discover factors influencing populations so that they can control population growth. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of socioeconomic and demographic factors with fertility.
Methods and Materials: This deh1ive analytical study was conducted in two stages in 2003 on 1300 families in the Northwestern province of Azarbaijan-Gharbi in Iran. The study data were collected through questionnaires and interview. The relationship between woman's age marital age marital duration sexual preference number of wanted children stillbirth child death education and employment couples age difference and fertility was determined using Pearson's correlation coefficient stepwise multiple linear regression and ANCOVA in SPSS.
Results: Mean age of the participants was 32.61±7.97 and mean live birth was 2.39±1.82. In the regression model child death number of wanted children sexual preference marital duration with positive coefficients and couples education with negative coefficients emerged. Fertility in marriages under 15 years (4.20±2.43) was significantly higher than other marital age groups. Fertility was higher in illiterate or low-education women. Mean wanted child in women of younger than 20 years old and women of 40-49 years of age were 2.9±0.56 and 3.37±0.84 respectively.
Conclusion: As the results suggest child death sexual preference desire to bear more infants and marriage before the age of 15 are associated with higher fertility rates. Illiterate or Low-education women are more fertile than other educational groups. Mean wanted children in women of under 20 years of age is higher than the current fertility rate (2.39).
FS MORTAZAVI; A AKABERI
Volume 14, Issue 4 , January and February 2008, , Pages 218-223
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The diagnosis of women with LBW or macrosomic infants through a simple convenient means provides them with timely and appropriate caregiving. In this study, the value of symphysis-fundal height and abdominal girth in predicting birth weight was examined.
Methods and Materials: ...
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Background and Purpose: The diagnosis of women with LBW or macrosomic infants through a simple convenient means provides them with timely and appropriate caregiving. In this study, the value of symphysis-fundal height and abdominal girth in predicting birth weight was examined.
Methods and Materials: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the study population included parturients of 38-42 weeks gestational age. 795 parturients admitted to Shahidan Mobini hospital in Sabzevar, Iran were purposively selected. The inclusion criteria were bearing single alive term fetus and longitudinal lie. Women with severe fetal anomaly, presence of thick fat layer at the lower abdomen, oligohydramnios or polyhyramnios based on ultrasound reports were excluded. Symphysis-fundal height and abdominal girth were measured a few hours before delivery and birth weight was measured after delivery. Birth weight was predicted by using two formulae: (Birth weight = fundal height * abdominal girth) and (Regression model of birth weight over fundal height). Relevant data were analyzed using correlation coefficient, regression, covariance analysis and t-test in SPSS.
Results: 56% of the sample were primipara. Head engagement occurred only in 21.9% before admission to the hospital. The correlation between birth weight and fundal height measurement was 0.581 (p = 0.000). The correlation between birth weight and fundal height multiplied by abdominal girth measurement was 0.56 (p = 0.000). To predict birth weights more than 4000 grams, the sensitivity and specificity of fundal height multiplied by abdominal girth measurement with cut point 3900 gram were 81% and 82% respectively. For the second formula with cut point 3450 gram, these figures were 75% and 85% respectively. To predict birth weights less than 2500 grams, the sensitivity and specificity of fundal height multiplied by abdominal girth measurement with cut point 3000 gram were 70% and 79% respectively; for the second formula with the same cut point, these figures were 77% and 85% respectively.
Conclusion: In order to detect infants with birth weights more than 4000 grams, the first formula with cut point 3900 gram is more valid and better than the second formula but for the prediction of birth weights less than 2500 grams, the second formula, with cut point 3000 gram, is more valid than the first.
A AKABERI; A KOUSHAKI; Z BOLOURIAN; M BAGHBANI
Volume 14, Issue 4 , January and February 2008, , Pages 231-237
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Monitoring infants' physical growth is one of the important methods of determining the nutritional status and well being. It can also play an important part in diagnosing developmental growth and malnutrition in the earlier stages of life. This study is therefore intended to investigate ...
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Background and Purpose: Monitoring infants' physical growth is one of the important methods of determining the nutritional status and well being. It can also play an important part in diagnosing developmental growth and malnutrition in the earlier stages of life. This study is therefore intended to investigate the anthropometric indexes of infants of up to one year old and to compare the results with NCHS.
Methods and Materials: This is a descriptive analytical study conducted on the population of infants of up to one year old admitted to health clinics in Sabzevar, Iran in 2005. 873 infants were randomly, and in proportion to the number of infants under the care giving programs of each clinic, selected as the study sample. Under constant circumstances, weight, height and head perimeter were measured by kilogram, centimeter and centimeter respectively for all subjects. The study instruments included interview and observation checklists and the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive figures and tables, chi Square and comparison of relations.
Results: The subjects were found to be under the third NCHS percentile 10.5% by weight/age index, 6.5% by height/age index and 14% by head perimeter/age index, and the difference was statistically significant (p